“阳”了之后疯狂喝水?警惕水中毒******
“阳”了就要多喝水
是大家近期常听到的治“阳”妙招
然而,最近一段时间
不少人因喝水过量
导致“水中毒”
被送到医院进行抢救
可见喝水也不能乱喝
否则还未转阴先中毒
对身体造成更大伤害
那么,什么是“水中毒”?
如何科学喝水?
喝水也能中毒?
“水中毒”又称稀释性低钠血症。正常情况下,身体中细胞内外的钠离子浓度处于平衡状态。当水的摄入量远远超过排出量时,过多的水分就会滞留在身体中,导致血浆被稀释,从而使血浆中的钠离子浓度降低,这种现象就是“水中毒”。
图源:中国家庭报
当水中毒时,细胞外的钠离子浓度比细胞内的更低,为了维持细胞内外的浓度平衡,细胞外的水分会流向细胞内,导致细胞膨胀。
如果脑部细胞发生膨胀,大脑是由坚硬的脑骨固定和包裹的,脑组织就会受到挤压。因此,轻者会出现虚弱、头晕、腹胀、头痛、恶心、呕吐等症状,严重者可出现脑水肿、癫痫发作、意识模糊、昏迷和死亡等情况。
怎么正确喝水?
对于健康人群来说,24小时内喝水量达到3-4升以上,就可能造成水中毒。喝水讲究适可而止,而不是无限制地饮水。而对于慢性肾脏患者、心血管疾病患者,更需要合理控制饮水量。
《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》建议,日常要做到足量饮水,少量多次。人每天都需要摄入一定量的水以维持身体机能。在温和气候条件下,低身体活动水平成年男性每天需喝水1700毫升,成年女性每天喝水1500毫升。
图源:摄图网
夏天或大量出汗时,补水要遵循先快后慢、分次补充、量出为入三个原则。专家介绍,可根据气温高低,每天喝1.5升—2升水,出汗较多时可适当补充一些盐水。
如果仅出现“水中毒”轻症症状,可以喝少量淡盐水,一般控制在200毫升,并尽快排尿,直到症状消失。如果出现神志不清,应立刻就医处理。需要注意的是,含电解质的运动饮料并不能防止低钠血症的发生,因为这些饮料中的大多数电解质渗透压都比血液中的渗透压更低。
图源:摄图网
如果吃这些药,别着急喝水!
生病时喝水还需要注意服用的药物
很多人认为服药就应该多喝水
来减轻肾脏负担
有助排泄毒物
但偏偏有些药服用后却要少喝水
甚至不喝水
比如以下这几类药
图源:摄图网
1、止咳药
止咳糖浆、甘草合剂等药物需黏附在发炎的咽喉部而发挥作用,喝水过多会将药物冲掉,降低药效。一般建议服用此类药物后10分钟内不要饮水。
2、需要含服的药物
比如硝酸甘油、麝香保心丸等,不可直接用水吞咽,而是要通过舌下含服,让毛细血管吸收。服用后30分钟内也不宜喝水。
图源:摄图网
3、口含片
如西地碘含片、复方草珊瑚含片、银黄含片等,含服时要把药片置于舌根部,并尽量贴近咽喉处,使药物保持较高的局部浓度。建议含服后30分钟内尽量不要喝水。
4、治疗胃病的一些药物
比如胃黏膜保护剂(硫糖铝、果胶铋等),服用后在胃中会形成保护膜,因此服药1小时内尽量不要喝水,以免保护膜被水稀释。需要直接嚼碎吞服的胃药,也不要多喝水,以防止破坏形成的保护膜。
一些苦味健胃药,如复方龙胆酊等,是通过苦味刺激舌部味觉感受器及末梢神经,促进唾液和胃液分泌,起到增加食欲的作用。因此服用时不光要少喝水,服后也不要漱口。
图源:摄图网
5、抗利尿药
该类药物(加压素、去氨加压素)服药期间应限制饮水,否则可能会引起水潴留或低钠血症等。
6、缓解腹泻的药物
比如蒙脱石散,服用后如果喝过多的水,会影响药物对消化道内病毒病菌的固定和抑制。一般该类药物说明书会明确标明药物与水的服用比例。建议将药物倒入半杯温开水(约50毫升)中混匀快速服完即可。
除了生病,平常也要注意在适当的时候适度饮水!要养成主动饮水的习惯,不要等到口渴时才喝水。喝水有四个最佳时间:每天清晨起床后、上午10时左右、下午3~4时和晚上就寝前。
最后提醒
喝水的最佳方式是少量多次
小口慢饮
每次200毫升左右
不建议一次喝500毫升以上
资料来源:央视新闻、中国家庭报、极目新闻
整理:董小娴
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |